In this work, an elastoplastic constitutive model is planned to analyze the effects of adding silica nanoparticles on the overall elastic-plastic stress-strain curves of the polymer matrix nanocomposites. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposites are evaluated by the combination of the Mori-Tanaka and Eshelby micromechanical models considering interphase region formed due to the interaction between silica nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. Then, the elastic-plastic stress-strain curves of nanocomposites are extracted by employing a micromechanics-based ensemble-volume averaged homogenization procedure. To prove the validity of the developed method, the predictions are compared to the experimental data existing in the literature. The effects of volume fraction and diameter of silica nanoparticles, thickness and adhesion exponent of the interphase on the polymeric nanocomposite elastic-plastic stress-strain curves are extensively examined. Stiffer elastoplastic behavior is found in the presence of interphase region. The results clearly indicate that the strengthening of the silica nanoparticle-reinforced polymer nanocomposites is improved with (1) increasing nanoparticle volume fraction, (2), decreasing the nanoparticle diameter, (3) increasing the interphase thickness and (4) decreasing the interphase adhesion exponent. Finally, the elastic-plastic stress-strain curves of silica nanoparticle/polymer nanocomposites under biaxial loading is achieved.